NEVU Journal of Engineering and Architecture

Epithermal Pb-Zn-Cu (Ag-Au) Mineralization at İnler Yaylası Deposit (Şebinkarahisar, Giresun)

2023-02-28T07:38:36+00:00

İnler Yaylası Pb-Zn-Cu (Ag+Au) deposits are located approximately 23 km northwest of Şebinkarahisar (Giresun). Mineralization is developed as veins and disseminated types along of the NE-SW trending fractures in the Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks. Propylitic, sericitization and silicification are developed in the wall rock. Three main stages of mineralization have been defined as pre-ore, main sulfide and supergene. In the first stage, hematite, chlorite and epidote developed. Sericitization and silicification are associated with the sulfide phase. Quartz is in the form of mosaic-textured and filling open-space vein with a crustiform and comb-textured. The textural features show that the main sulfide phase develops in two sub-phases. First sub-phase composed of sphalerite, galena, pyrite and less abundant chalcopyrite, Ag-sulfosalts and Pb-sulfosalts. The second sub-phase consist of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and less abundant Ag-sulfosalts and gold. Supergene stages characterized by bornite, covellite, malachite, azurite, smithsonite, limonite, calcite, and chalcedony.

In the İnler Yaylası, base and precious metal element contents are between 631 and >150.000 ppm for Zn, 637 and 48.875 ppm for Pb, 132 and >150.000 ppm for Cu, 3 and 2564 ppm for As, 20 and 344 ppm for Ag, 0.1 and 1.6 ppm for Au, 0.5 and 413 ppm for Sb. The Ag:Au ratio range from 40:1 to 1721:1. Strong positive and negative correlation confidents between Pb‒Zn (R²=0.70), Au‒Cu (R²=0.83) and Pb‒Cu (R²=0.91), Zn‒Cu (R²=0.60) manifest that Pb‒Zn and Cu‒Au mineralization in the region is related to the different sub-phase. The strong correlation confidents between Ag‒Sb are (R²=0.78) associated with Ag-rich sulfosalt. Mineral assemblage and geochemical properties indicate that İnler Yaylası deposit typically characterize an intermediate-sulfidation epithermal type deposit.

Industrial Grinding with Programmable Logic Control: A Case Study

2023-04-26T07:07:45+00:00

The advancement of machinery during the industrial revolution has led to the development of new production methods, which in turn has increased the need for precision machining technologies. To address the issue of precision processing, various solution methods have been developed, including the use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and microprocessor technologies. This study focuses on the use of PLCs and grinding machines in a production line, using Mitsubishi PLCs and GTWorks-3 programs for programming and the MODBUS protocol for communication between devices. The results of the study showed that the use of PLCs in the production process resulted in a 33% time saving and improved surface smoothness of the processed materials. Additionally, the PLC programming was able to quickly detect and address faults in the machine.

Examples of Geological Surveys in Urban Areas using GIS Applications

2023-04-17T07:35:00+00:00

As technology develops and the population rapidly increases, the need for new residential areas is increasing
day by day, resulting in several environmental problems such as pollution and natural disasters. In order to meet the needs
for energy and adequate food resources, artificial and mostly natural resources are consumed. Thus, the importance of
urbanization cannot be ignored, and the planning of urban areas needs to be carried out with the use of Geographical
Information System (GIS) to prevent the problems that can arise. GIS applications provide thematic maps and engineering
geological maps, which help to interpret the data obtained easily and minimize the rate of observable disasters. This research
examines the studies carried out worldwide and, in our country, which involve urban area planning using GIS applications. It
also includes comments and criticisms on the methods of applying GIS applications, the beneficial results of these studies,
and the applications that are applied worldwide but not commonly in our country.

Blade Number and Overlap Ratio Efficiency Comparison in Savonius Wind Turbine Prototypes

2023-07-03T14:08:11+00:00

A set of compact Savonius wind turbine prototypes with two and three circular blades, with and without 0.2-overlap ratio, were designed and 3D printed, together with their electrical system, with the purpose to test their performance in terms of rotational speed and generated electrical power. All the results consistently showed that, in general, three-blade turbines with overlap ratio had better performance in contrast to similar turbines without overlap, or in comparison with two-blade turbines with or without overlap. For all turbines with the same number of blades, the overlap ratio showed about 22% better rotational speed performance than their similar without overlap ratio, thus evidencing that a 0.2-overlap ratio makes a difference. Three-blade turbines performed better than two-blade ones when both had or no overlap ratio. Similar conclusions were found consistent in terms of voltage and current outputs (generated electric power). And for the cases with similar performance output, two-blade turbines with an overlap ratio were preferable to three blades without overlap in terms of material saving, manufacturing time, and energy consumption.